In the production and application of water-based inks, due to the cleaning of equipment, a certain amount of wastewater will be generated. The ever-changing colors of water-based inks cause the chemical composition of its wastewater to be quite complex. It has the characteristics of high COD, high chroma, and difficult biodegradation. Once it enters the water body, it will cause serious pollution to the water environment. The wastewater treatment process has a very close relationship with the types and characteristics of water-based inks. At present, the research and application of water-based ink wastewater treatment mainly focus on chemical coagulation, electrolysis, coagulation air floatation, coagulation air floatation-microelectrolysis, chemical oxidation-coagulation and other pretreatment methods combined with biochemical processes.
1 Electrolysis
In some pretreatment methods, the electrolysis method shows good performance, and domestic research and application have a certain foundation; the advantages of the electrolysis method are: (1) The OH generated in the process directly and organically pollutes the wastewater Biological reaction, degrading it into carbon dioxide, water and simple organic matter, with no or little secondary pollution; (2) the electrolysis process is accompanied by the function of generating air flotation; (3) high energy efficiency, the electrochemical process is generally at room temperature It can be carried out by pressing; (4) It can be used as a separate treatment or combined with other treatments. For example, as a pre-treatment, it can improve the biodegradability of wastewater, and the biodegradability of wastewater after pretreatment is greatly improved; ) Electrolysis equipment and its operation are generally relatively simple. The application of the Environmental Engineering Design Center of Maoming City Environmental Protection Bureau in the sewage treatment system of Maoming Bantian Ink Co., Ltd. proved that the electrolytic method was used for pretreatment and then biochemical treatment, and the treated sewage could reach the standard discharge.
Electrolytic decontamination mechanism
As a treatment method with strong adaptability, high efficiency, short time, and no secondary pollution, the electrolytic method uses iron plates as anodes and aluminum plates as cathodes to electrochemically treat sewage under the action of strong current , The main chemical reaction formula is:
Anode: Fe ---- Fe2 ++ 2e
Cathode: 2H ++ 2e ---- H2
The iron plate as the anode slowly dissolves in the electrolysis process, enters the waste water in the form, and hydrolyzes to form Fe (OH) 2. These Fe (OH) 2 have a high aggregation effect, which produces new ecological hydrogen at the cathode. The reducing ability is very strong, and it will react with the pollutants in the waste water, and the macromolecular pollutants will be decomposed into small molecular substances. The electrolysis process includes oxidation, reduction, condensation, and air floatation.
1) Oxidation. The oxidation in the electrolysis process can be divided into direct oxidation (that is, pollutants lose their electrons at the anode and oxidize directly) and indirect oxidation. Indirect oxidation refers to the use of anions (such as OH-, Cl-) with lower electrode potential in solution. Active materials [O], Cl2, etc. that generate new strong oxidants at the anode lose electrons, and these active substances cause the pollutants to lose electrons and play an oxidative decomposition role to reduce BOD5, COD, NH3-N, etc. in the original solution.
2) Reduction. The reduction in the electrolysis process can also be divided into two categories. One type is direct reduction, that is, the pollutants directly obtain electrons on the cathode to cause reduction; the other type is interrogation reduction. The cations in the pollutants are first obtained electrons at the cathode, making the high or low valent metal in the electrolyte The electrons obtained from the cathode are directly reduced to low-valent cations or metal precipitates.
3) Cohesion. Soluble anodes such as iron, aluminum and other anodes are supplied with direct current. After the anode loses electrons, it forms metal cations Fe2 + and Al3 +, which forms metal hydroxide colloidal flocculants with OH- in the solution. Adsorption to form flocs.
4) Air floatation. In the process of electrolysis of wastewater, when the voltage reaches the decomposition voltage of water, hydrogen and oxygen are precipitated on the cathode and anode, respectively. On the other hand, OH- generated in the electrolysis process reacts with organic matter to produce carbon dioxide. The bubbles of these gases have a small size and a high degree of dispersion, and can be used as a carrier to adhere to suspended solids in water and float up, so that it is easy to remove pollutants. Electrical floatation can remove both hydrophobic pollutants and hydrophilic pollutants in wastewater.
2 UASB process
The Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) process has the dual characteristics of anaerobic filtration and anaerobic activated sludge method, which can convert pollutants in sewage into Renewable clean energy-a technology of biogas. In 1971, Professor Lettinga of the Wageningen Agricultural University in the Netherlands invented a three-phase separator through the design of physical structures and the use of the difference in the action of gravity fields on substances of different densities. Separating the residence time of activated sludge from the residence time of wastewater, forming a prototype of an upstream anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. In 1974, when the Dutch CSM company treated sugar beet sugar wastewater in its 6m3 reactor, it discovered a biopolymer structure formed by the self-immobilization mechanism of activated sludge, namely granular sludge. The appearance of granular sludge not only promoted the application and development of the second generation anaerobic reactor represented by UASB, but also laid the foundation for the birth of the third generation anaerobic reactor.
The UASB process is also adaptable to sewage with different solid content, and its structure, operation, operation, maintenance and management are relatively simple, the cost is relatively low, the technology is mature, and it is increasingly valued by the sewage treatment industry, and is widely welcomed and applied. .
3 Air floatation
As a carrier, the tiny dispersed air gown adheres to the suspended pollutants in the wastewater, making its buoyancy greater than gravity and resistance, so that the pollutants float to the surface of the water to form foam, and then use the slag scraper to scrape the foam from the water surface The process of liquid or liquid-liquid separation is called air flotation.
The principle of air floatation degreasing is mainly to use the surface tension between oil and water is greater than the surface tension between oil and gas. The oil is hydrophobic and the gas is relatively hydrophilic. The air bubble adsorbs oil and suspended matter to float to the surface of the water to achieve the purpose of separation. The air floatation method mainly removes residual oil and surfactant-free dispersed oil. The disadvantage is that there are many rotating parts of the equipment, oily sewage has high salt content and strong corrosion, so the stability of the process operation is poor.
4 Coagulation method
The coagulation method is to add a certain amount of chemicals to the sewage, and after the destabilization, bridging and other reaction processes, the pollutants in the water are coagulated and settled. The pollutants in colloidal state in water usually have negative charges, and colloidal particles repel each other to form a stable mixed solution. If the oppositely charged dielectric in water (ie, coagulant) can change the colloidal particles in the sewage into electric It is neutral and condenses into large particles and sinks under the action of molecular gravity.
This method is used to treat oily waste water, dyeing waste water, hair washing waste water, etc. This method can be used independently or in conjunction with other methods, generally used as pretreatment, intermediate treatment and advanced treatment. Commonly used coagulants include aluminum sulfate, basic aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate, and ferric chloride.
5 Biological contact oxidation method
The biological contact oxidation method is one of the main facilities of the biofilm method. The biofilm method is a general term for a large class of biological treatment methods. It mainly uses microorganisms (ie biofilms) attached to the surface of certain solid objects for organic sewage treatment. method. Biofilm is an ecosystem composed of highly dense aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, facultative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae, etc. The solid medium attached to it is called filter material or carrier. From the filter material, the biofilm can be divided into a gas layer, a good layer, an attached water layer, and a moving water layer. The principle is that the biofilm first adsorbs and adheres the organic matter in the water layer, which is decomposed by the aerobic bacteria in the aerobic layer, and then enters the anaerobic layer for anaerobic decomposition. The flowing water layer flushes away the aging biofilm to grow a new biofilm , So back and forth to achieve the purpose of purifying sewage. The aging biofilm is falling off continuously, and the secondary sedimentation is removed by sedimentation with the inflow of water.
The treatment structure of the biological contact oxidation method is a submerged aerated biological filter, also known as a biological contact oxidation tank.
Fillers are installed in the biological contact oxidation tanks, which are submerged in the wastewater, and the fillers are covered with biofilms. During the contact between the wastewater and the biofilms, the organic matter in the water is adsorbed, oxidized, and converted into new biofilms by microorganisms. The biofilm shed from the filler is removed after the water flows to the secondary settling tank, and the wastewater is purified. In the contact oxidation tank, the oxygen needed by the microorganisms comes from water, and the waste water continuously replenishes the lost dissolved oxygen from the drumming air. The air enters the water flow through a perforated cloth pipe provided at the bottom of the pool. When the bubbles rise, oxygen is supplied to the wastewater, and sometimes the water is returned to the pool.
Features of biological contact oxidation:
(1) Due to the large specific surface area of ​​the filler, the oxygenation conditions in the cell are good. The amount of biological solids per unit volume in the biological contact oxidation tank is higher than that of the activated sludge aeration tank and biological filter tank. Therefore, the biological contact oxidation tank has a higher volume load;
(2) The biological contact oxidation method does not require sludge backflow, so there is no problem of sludge expansion, and the operation and management are simple;
(3) Due to the large amount of biological solids, and the water flow is completely mixed, the biological contact oxidation tank has a strong adaptability to the sudden change of water quality and water quantity;
(4) When the organic volume load of the biological contact oxidation tank is high, its F / M is kept at a low level, and the sludge production is low.
6 Membrane bioreactor
Membrance Bioreactor Reactor (abbreviated as MBR) is a new process of wastewater biological treatment combined with membrane separation and biological treatment technology. Compared with traditional biochemical treatment technology, MBR has the following main features: high treatment efficiency and effluent quality Good; compact equipment and small footprint; easy to realize automatic control and simple operation management. Since the 1980s, this technology has received more and more attention, and has become a hot spot in the research of water treatment technology. At present, membrane bioreactors have been used in more than ten countries such as the United States, Germany, France, Japan and Egypt, with a processing scale of 6 to 13000 m3 / d.
In the past two years, membrane bioreactors have entered the practical stage in China. The treatment objects of the MBR system have expanded from domestic sewage to high-concentration organic wastewater and refractory industrial wastewater, such as pharmaceutical wastewater, chemical wastewater, food wastewater, slaughter wastewater, tobacco wastewater, soy products wastewater, fecal wastewater, and yellow swill wastewater. From the current trend, the reuse of reclaimed water will be the main direction of MBR's promotion and application in China. Table 1 lists the application examples and processing effects of MBR in China. These application examples show that MBR has a good treatment effect on domestic sewage, high-concentration organic wastewater and refractory industrial wastewater.
Sweeper (sweeper truck) as one sweeper sanitation equipment, is a set of road cleaning, garbage collection and transportation as one of the new and efficient cleaning equipment.
Sweeper (sweeper truck) road sweeper as one sanitation equipment, is a set of road cleaning, garbage collection and transportation as one of the new and efficient cleaning equipment. It can be widely used in road sweeping trunk roads, municipal and airport pavement, urban residential areas, parks and the like. Road sweeper can clean not only refuse, but can also be on the air medium road dust purification, both to ensure the appearance of the road, to maintain environmental hygiene, to maintain a good working condition of the road, there are to reduce and prevent traffic accidents the occurrence and further extend the life of the pavement. In the domestic use of the road sweeper Pavement Maintenance has become a trend.
Sweeper is equipped with a sweeping brush cleaning system dedicated sanitation vehicles, mainly for medium-sized city sanitation department for cleaning operations work. Sweeper greatly liberated the intensity of the work of sanitation workers, improve work efficiency, reduce dust and other secondary pollution.
Classification practices
(1), hand push sweeper and walk-behind sweeper
Road sweeping vehicles (4)
(2), self-propelled sweeper
(3), pure broom sweeper
(4), suction sweeper broom
(5), pure suction sweeper (multi-purpose all-suction sweeper)
(6), a dry road sweeping vehicles (cleaning vehicles)
(7), wet sweeper
(8), the full suction sweeper
Chassis Category
Dongfeng road sweeping vehicles, Qingling sweeper, sweeper JMC
All kinds of sweeper
1, the dry sweeper Introduction
Dry sweeper is a kind of new road sweeper, do not spray brush, all stream operations, relying on aerodynamic principles, the leading technology experts, and have independent intellectual property rights, Luoyang Chi windmill industry Limited self-development, development and production of clean road sweeper brand all with airflow, do not brush, not water, not a dust, no secondary dust, vacuum clean road vehicles will greatly reduce the widespread use of air can content of respirable particulate matter, completely solve the serious problem of dust pollution, it is an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient new modern sanitation products, the product of environmental technical indicators higher than the national industry standard.
2, multi-purpose all-suction sweeper features
Multi-functional suction sweeper is the use of patented technology developed a new product, it has changed the traditional way of using a conventional sweeper brush roll disk brush sweep, and in all to complete the job stream, use of air movement to dust and garbage collection stored, and therefore very efficient. This product can effectively reduce dust pollution and improve air quality, reduce air respirable particulate matter content, improve people's living environment. Features:
· Full dry suction sweeper. When the job is completed all with airflow, blowing smoke combined, no secondary dust.
· Do not brush without water, energy conservation, dry suction, a car off, the ground clean.
· Good cleaning effect. From tens of microns to dust generally small stones, leaves and other debris can be effectively cleared, the cleaning efficiency of 98%, described as "ten times better than sweeping suck again."
Simple structure, less wearing parts, easy maintenance, simple operation.
• Use low maintenance costs.
Sweeper uses
Why do I need to use sweeper?
First, the traditional answer: sweeper for sweeping, cleaning and washing cars for a variety of dry ground.
Second, professional answer: sweeper can not only solve problems but also the user can get more profit.
Third, the sweeper can address the following issues:
1, people living in the dusty environment of health problems;
2, environmental indicators by national laws or local regulatory requirements;
3, due to dust or debris caused by premature excessive road damage problem;
4, workshop products are dust pollution;
5, production workshop fixed or mobile machines are dust pollution;
Fourth, can bring greater profits (or savings):
1, sweeper sweeping vacuum system is equivalent to 6-40 times the artificial;
2, to reduce the degree of dust pollution (saving time and money, reduce manual cleaning of the product appearance, cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment as well as periodic environmental sanitation, etc.)
3, improve work efficiency, while improving the operator's enthusiasm for work;
4, a good clean environment not only improve the city's image, but also more conducive to positive urban culture construction and public works.
Fifth, mechanical sweeper artificial comparison
1, the working efficiency, on the same area of operation time is greatly reduced;
2, cleaning costs, cleaning costs can be sure that the mechanical unit area is even lower than the manual;
3, cleaning, mechanical cleaning agents to avoid uneven cleaning effect is not unified;
4, safety performance, so safe cleaners Language Environment (too many vehicles on the road, their security awareness is not strong)
5, the economic returns to a car, for example, it stops the day spent a total of how much to use, is its true price. In addition to the investment costs, as well as operating costs and labor consumption costs.
Operation sequence
A: cleaning work
1 Turn on the power control box, point to the control valve position, vice valve
2 Start auxiliary engine
3 auxiliary engine clutch control button, point co-location, fans began to work
4 vacuum box pointing down position control knob
The left or right scan disk scan disk control knob pointing down position 5
6 left or right rotation sweep sweep rotary control knob to point forward position (left disc clockwise, right disc counterclockwise)
7 water left and right spray after spray control button toward the open position
8 pump control knob toward the open position
9 an appropriate vehicle speed, the cleaning operation starts
Two: End cleaning
The vehicle is stopped with 1
2 water pump controls, water controls the left and right spray control knob after the water control knob pointing to the OFF position
3 broom controls point to the middle position
4 point rise scan disk controls the position, and then point to the middle position
5 liter vacuum box controls point, and then point to the middle position
6 Deputy engine clutch control button to the location points, and then point to the middle position
7 control valve key point to the middle position
8 engine shut deputy
9 Close the control box power supply
Three: unloading garbage
1 The control box is powered on, the control valve of the control knob points to the location of the main valve
2 main engine of the vehicle start
Depress the clutch 3 Vehicles
4 vehicle additional pump clutch switch is open (pull out)
5 at an appropriate speed clutch release vehicle
6 backdoor control box on the control knob pointing to the open position, 5 seconds and then point to the middle position
7 liter car control knob pointing to the location of the car according to the inclination angle of the control keys can always point to an intermediate position where the car stopped rising tilt
8 scavenging
9 scavenging is completed, the car control buttons pointing down position until the car completely after the return control to point to an intermediate position
10 backdoor control key point to the OFF position for 10 seconds and then point to the middle position
11 rubbish End
Depress the clutch 12 vehicles
13 additional pump clutch control knob off (Push)
14 at an appropriate speed clutch release vehicle
The control box 15 of the control valve pointing intermediate position
16 Close the Control Box power
Road Sweeper,Street Sweeper Truck,Sweeper Truck,Vacuum Sweeper,Dfac Vacuum Sweeper
CLW GROUP TRUCK , https://www.clwgrouptruck.net