Electrical conductivity is the ability of a substance to transmit electric current and is the reciprocal of resistivity. In liquids, the reciprocal of electrical resistance-conductance is often used to measure its electrical conductivity. The conductivity of water is a very important indicator to measure water quality. It can reflect the degree of electrolyte present in the water. Depending on the concentration of the electrolyte in the aqueous solution, the degree of conductivity of the solution is also different. The solubility of the electrolyte in the dissolution is analyzed by measuring the conductivity of the solution. This is the basic analysis method of the conductivity meter.
The conductivity of the solution is related to the type of ions. At the same concentration of electrolyte, their conductivity is also different. Generally, the strong acid has the highest conductivity, followed by the strong base and its salts with the strong acid, while the weak acid and weak base have the smallest conductivity. Therefore, by measuring the conductance of water, we have a preliminary understanding of the water quality profile. The reciprocal of the electrical resistivity is called the electrical conductivity L. In liquids, the reciprocal of electrical resistance-conductance is often used to measure its electrical conductivity. The calculation formula of conductance L is as follows: L = l / R = S / l The unit of conductance is also called Siemens by Mho. Said by S, because the S unit is too large. Milli-Siemens is often used, and micro-Siemens unit 1S = 103mS = 106μS.
Conductivity meter equivalent conductance
The conductivity of the liquid only illustrates the relationship between the solution's electrical conductivity and its geometric dimensions, and does not reflect the relationship between the solution's concentration and its electrical properties. In order to be able to distinguish the conductivity of solutions composed of various media, it is necessary to introduce the relationship of concentration in the method of conductivity. This brings up the concept of equivalent conductance. The so-called equivalent conductance refers to the conductance of a solution in which 1 g of electrolyte solution is completely placed between two plates with a distance of 1 cm, the symbol “λâ€. Because the concept of concentration is introduced on the basis of electrical conductivity. Therefore, the conductivity of various aqueous solutions is expressed and compared. In water quality monitoring, the concentration index of total inorganic salts dissolved in water can be mastered by measuring the conductivity of the solution.
Effect of temperature on conductance
The resistance of the solution decreases with increasing temperature, that is, when the concentration of the solution is constant, its conductivity increases with the increase of temperature, and the increase range is about 2% ℃ -1. In addition, the electrolytes of the same type have different temperature coefficients when their concentrations are different. At low concentrations, the relationship between the temperature of the conductivity is expressed by the following formula: L1 = L0 [1α (t-t0) β (t-t0) 2] because the value of the second term β (t-t0) 2 is more Small and negligible. The relationship between conductivity and temperature at low temperature can be expressed by the following approximation L1 = L0 [1α (t-t0)], so temperature compensation must be added during actual measurement.
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