As gas chromatography (GC) analysis technology becomes increasingly prevalent across various fields, it has become a standard analytical tool in component analysis. Proper usage, regular maintenance, and effective troubleshooting have become essential for most users to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Despite the growing use of GC instruments, issues and malfunctions are inevitable. However, due to limited understanding of the instrument's internal structure or lack of experience, users often find themselves overwhelmed when problems arise, unable to resolve them effectively. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide users with clear, easy-to-understand guidance on fault diagnosis, troubleshooting, and routine maintenance.
**Classification of Instrument Faults:**
1. **Based on the location of the fault:**
- (1) Gas path, valve, and mechanical component failures.
- (2) Detector-related faults.
- (3) Electrical and electronic component failures in the main unit.
2. **Based on the type of failure phenomenon:**
- (1) Gas path issues (leakage, blockage).
- (2) Startup problems (failure to start, protection mode).
- (3) Temperature control issues (abnormal readings, no heating, overheating).
- (4) Chromatographic signal issues (noise, drift, strange peaks).
- (5) Detector and amplifier zeroing problems.
3. **Based on the cause of the fault:**
- (1) Faults caused by improper installation, operation, or maintenance.
- (2) Failures due to aging, wear, or component degradation over time.
- (3) Factory-related quality issues, such as poor assembly or substandard components.
4. **Based on the impact of the fault:**
- (1) Complete loss of all functions.
- (2) Partial loss of function.
- (3) Damage to internal components.
- (4) No damage to components, but functional issues remain.
**Common Issues and Solutions:**
1. **No peak detected after injection:**
If the detector output remains a straight line, check the syringe, inlet, and detector for clogging or leaks. A faulty septum, leaky column, or blocked detector outlet can all prevent peak formation. Address the specific issue accordingly.
2. **Peak loss:**
This may be due to contamination in the gas path. Start by checking and cleaning the gas path (inlet, detector, etc.). High-temperature cleaning, sample purification, and reducing high-boiling substances can help. If contamination isn’t the cause, consider column aging or reduced efficiency due to system pollution.
3. **Baseline instability or drift:**
Baseline fluctuations can increase measurement errors and make the instrument unusable. Check for changes in instrument conditions, such as insufficient carrier gas purity or an overloaded gas supply. Replace the septum, clean the liner, or check for detector contamination if necessary.
By understanding these common issues and following proper maintenance procedures, users can significantly improve the performance and longevity of their gas chromatography systems.
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