I would like to express my gratitude to fellow Tong Beizhi for the “Online Knowledge on Dehydration, Electrolyte Imbalance, and Physical Loss.†I originally wanted to write something similar, but after he posted it, I picked it up.
I think about the report of Hua Tuo who was killed in Taibai Mountain. I think it is almost certainly because of the loss of temperature. (I used to translate the word hyperthermia directly into hypothermia. It's not like a special term. Inventory has something to write about. )
Electrolyte imbalance is not obvious unless it is severely sweaty, and it will not directly lead to loss of judgment and ability to act or even death. Loss of temperature can quickly lead to severe trembling, unbalanced movements, slurred speech, and numbness ( Early), and then (middle term) basically can not effectively use hands and feet, trembling stopped, lost, indifferent, no sense of despair, no longer feel cold, late, limb stiffness, weakened heart, dilated pupils, no longer want to be unable to save themselves Even relaxed. (Black Humor: Frozen to death, at least not). Loss of consciousness at the end of the day because of heart or respiratory failure. Last year, Dongwu’s new accident, this year’s Huasheng, was the reason for this.
A common ignorance view is that "XX temperature is not too cold and should not be dangerous." It can be said that if the temperature is appropriate, temperatures below 30 degrees can lead to loss of temperature. Why hasn't anyone heard of someone being "frozen to death" at twenty degrees? That's because the rate of loss of temperature is determined by 1) the temperature difference between the skin and the environment 2) the rate of heat dissipation (heat loss) from the body to the environment.
If the skin is exposed to the air, it will produce a thin layer of warm air on the surface. In this air layer and human skin temperature is very close, so people will not lose temperature.
People feel cold in the wind, partly because this layer of air is replaced by cold and fast air (partly because the moisture evaporates faster. This is described below). At this time, the ambient temperature is the temperature, but because the air does not cool quickly, so Hair blowing under normal circumstances will not cause rapid loss of temperature. If people are immersed in flowing water, if the temperature of the water is not too low, the body's caloric consumption is not so fast, so the person's own heat production can resist for a long time. But if you soak for a long time, trembling (the body's loss of temperature, resistance to heat production through muscle activity) is inevitable. Afterwards, if people do not produce water, the temperature will continue to develop. If the temperature of the water is low, then the loss of temperature will soon come, and the physical strength and reaction will be greatly reduced. For example, the accident of Lao Dong is caused by the rapid temperature loss in the near-zero river flowing from the glaciers. Geda's report "The Soul Short-Tragete" (http://public.xj.cninfo.net/xjma/xiate/index.htm).
A lot of drowning people are catastrophic because they lose temperature, and then they drown.
Flowing air transfers heat faster than still air, and many people know this. But you can see that the winter streets are full of leaders (especially those growing up in the south) who are lax, airy, and wear many people who are still shivering. In the wild, a simple sealed nylon shirt (without GORETEX) will surprise you with its warmth in the wind. In fact, the fabric itself is not very insulated, but it will make the hot air layer near your body not be damaged. This is where it works. It is that this nylon shirt also has a considerable ability to keep warm when there is almost no wind, so ultralight climbers use it instead of grabbing fleece. However, it should be noted that heat will still be lost from very thin fabrics, so this type of clothing cannot replace thick thermal insulation at low temperatures. Experienced people use it in summer.
Dry air has low thermal conductivity, but if you are wet, evaporation of water will take away a lot of heat, so avoid wearing wet clothes when it is cold. Nowadays, the principle of perspiration lining, which we often say, is to quickly remove water (using other physical processes) on the surface of the body. When there was no such material in the year, if there was no dry clothing, one way to prevent losing temperature was to take off the underwear and wait for the clothes to dry.
A short and effective statement to prevent temperature loss is that cold, wind, and wet are only allowed to accept both. This means that ordinary wind-insulated clothing can be solved only in cold and windy conditions; there is no problem only when there is wind and wet clothing but the temperature is not cold (meaning the temperature is close to body temperature); only when it is wet and cold, look for Taking off clothes in a place without wind will greatly slow down the temperature loss. Note that at the temperature of 20 degrees Celsius it can be considered "cold" above. At twenty degrees, if you don't control the loss of heat, you will be guilty of it. However, the process of temperature loss will generally allow you to wait until dawn or find a rescue. At ten degrees, an uncontrolled loss of heat (for example, you don't have a raincoat, no place to hide, you're rained overnight) will make people lose most of their activities and judgments, and enter an early state of deprivation, when you start to become conscious Doubt their own judgment, technical activities to avoid (some seemingly technical accident may be the basic reason why the clothes did not bring enough!). At several degrees above zero, the uncontrolled loss of heat quickly becomes life-threatening and people quickly lose their ability to save themselves. Therefore, the zero temperature will “freeze the deadâ€. The deciding factor is how fast a person loses heat and how long the heat loss process is.
It was his fatal mistake that Hua Fei lost his equipment. At that time, the temperature may not be scary low without wind. But it is not at all surprising that in combination with high winds and humidity, it would be surprising for him to reach late loss of temperature in the absence of extra windshield insulation (or sleeping bag). The lately deprived heart is so weak that it can cause heart failure. About the rescue to see the hometown of North postings and related books.
Loss of temperature is one of the most basic safety knowledge in outdoor safety knowledge. Its hidden danger is that people usually lose heat according to their daily lives, which makes people look down on it. However, few people have entered the uncontrollable loss of calories in their daily lives, so people are generally unclear about the loss of temperature.
Do not think that freezing is not painful at least, and that the whole body's trembling is also unable to stop after the muscles. It will not be comfortable. When you know that you are not desperate, it is not easy to take it easy in the spirit! Don't forget to go to nobody's place, unless the temperature is close to thirty degrees every day, and always bring more clothes around. It is a large plastic bag that can also be used for wind and rain protection. What other ice cracks, alpine diseases, avalanches, and slides fall under many conditions are no more dangerous than simply "cold." Loss of temperature is no doubt in principle and in solving technology. It is not what the mountains reflect.
Loss of temperature* is due to insufficient preparation (including ignorance).
These are the first batch of inventory in the forum. At that time, I knew it would be an accident!
Http://bbs2.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/forumadm/souladm/viewsoul.pl?forumid=41&postid=5112
Http://bbs2.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/forumadm/souladm/viewsoul.pl?forumid=41&postid=5113
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