The principle of mountaineering route selection.
First of all, it is the principle of security. What is a safe route? In the entire route from the base camp to Xiangfeng, although it is covered with difficult terrain and there are various dangers in the mountains, after taking various technical measures and the team members to play their due technical level, they can guarantee their personal safety. Safe route or success route. For example, the route to the northeast ridge of Mount Everest. Although there are extremely difficult terrains such as the "Northern Tower" and "Second Team", there is extreme oxygen deficiency: ice avalanches, bright and dark cracks, slips, snowstorms and other mountain hazards. The measures can be called safe routes through difficult and dangerous terrain.
Second, evacuation and seeking for ease are the second principles in choosing a mountaineering route. To climb a peak of more than eight kilometers, the general hiking route is more than twenty kilometers, and the route of the northeastern ridge of Mount Everest is as long as 35 kilometers. The route is long, and a series of workloads must be added to the transportation of materials, physical conservation, establishment of camps, use of good weather, rescue of injured and sick persons, organization and command, communication and other aspects. This should seek to choose a shorter route under the premise of safety to reduce unnecessary workload and save the players' physical strength.
Third, choose the route according to the topography of the mountain. Mountain climbing is a struggle between man and nature in a special natural and geographical environment. To overcome the difficulties of the natural world, we must understand the environmental characteristics of the activities.
The terrain of the high mountain area has obvious characteristics of zonation in the vertical direction. The forest belt is below 3,500 meters, the grassland belt is between 3,500 and 5,000 meters, and the glacial ice belt is between 5,500 and 5,500 meters. Above the plateau is the plateau glacial cold belt, and it is often characterized by a mixture of snow and ice. Glaciers are mainly represented by ice and snow recharge areas, which are sporadic ice and snow on the walls of snow-covered basins and slopes on ridges. Rocks in this area are dominated by frozen weathered broken rocks.
When choosing a mountaineering route, it is necessary to consider how to pass through the various terrains above. When marching in the forest, you should make full use of the roads that the local herdsmen and hunters walk through, and pay attention to the marked directions on the newly-selected routes; the alpine meadows and meadow belts have a wide field of vision and routes are easy to choose, but they should be avoided. Muddy swamps; when selecting routes in glacial-ice tracks, two aspects should be noted: Route selection in glacier zones such as marching along glaciers and on mountain glaciers, routes should be in gutters between glacier sidetracks and glaciers Select; When entering the gentle height of the glacier surface, it should go from the drain to the glacier surface. Try to avoid moving in areas where glaciers melt, such as the ice tower area. When crossing the glaciers, for valley glaciers in low latitudes, the route should be at the top of the junction between the snow basin and the ice tongue, that is, the upper limit of the ice tower, which is the snow line, where the glaciers are narrow and the ice slope is relatively gentle. The boundary between annual snow cover and ablation zone is the exit of the snow-covered basin. Ice and snow are restricted by the terrain here, and a large number of ice cracks are produced below this point, which is safer. For example, at 6300m in the East Rongbu Glacier and 5800m in the Central Rongbu Glacier, the short glaciers in high latitudes, such as the glaciers on the northern slope of the Bogda Peak, should cross the glaciers and should choose smooth and flat ice. The tongue part should not be passed in the area of ​​steep and snowy cracks. In the valleys of high valleys, the ice tongue is still melting strongly. The ice cliffs are full of ice and the ice tongue is not easily traversed. This applies to the principle of crossing in the low latitudes at the exit of the snow basin, for example, The glaciers of Seoul are this type.
In the route selection in the ice terrain, we must pay attention to the distribution of ice tracks. Glacier watch, ice-trace stone is generally 20-40 cm thick, under it is ice, undulating and difficult to walk. The trail is formed by the appearances and trails left behind by the retreat of the glacier. It is an ancient piece of ice that has no ice, and even covers a small number of plants. The soil is developed, and it is relatively solid and safe. Strips are distributed under the tongue of the glacier, making it easier to choose routes.
For the glacier's side track, if you do not choose glacier drainage, you should choose the route on the side track. Generally speaking, the newer side track, which is close to the lowest level of the glacier, is better preserved. Because of the weathering, rolling stone, and mud-rock flow, the cuts are severe and the damage is large and inconvenient.
The middle embankment is a combination of two glacier side tracks formed in the glacier movement. It is an ideal terrain along the route of the glacier. The middle embankment can be generally extended from the end of the ice tongue to the glacier snow basin, as it has two Between the glaciers, the route chosen above is not easily affected by ice avalanches and rockfalls on the slopes. For example, the route from 5700m to 6300m in the East Rongbu Glacier of Mount Everest is selected on the middle embankment of the East Rongbu Glacier and the North Peak Glacier.
First of all, it is the principle of security. What is a safe route? In the entire route from the base camp to Xiangfeng, although it is covered with difficult terrain and there are various dangers in the mountains, after taking various technical measures and the team members to play their due technical level, they can guarantee their personal safety. Safe route or success route. For example, the route to the northeast ridge of Mount Everest. Although there are extremely difficult terrains such as the "Northern Tower" and "Second Team", there is extreme oxygen deficiency: ice avalanches, bright and dark cracks, slips, snowstorms and other mountain hazards. The measures can be called safe routes through difficult and dangerous terrain.
Second, evacuation and seeking for ease are the second principles in choosing a mountaineering route. To climb a peak of more than eight kilometers, the general hiking route is more than twenty kilometers, and the route of the northeastern ridge of Mount Everest is as long as 35 kilometers. The route is long, and a series of workloads must be added to the transportation of materials, physical conservation, establishment of camps, use of good weather, rescue of injured and sick persons, organization and command, communication and other aspects. This should seek to choose a shorter route under the premise of safety to reduce unnecessary workload and save the players' physical strength.
Third, choose the route according to the topography of the mountain. Mountain climbing is a struggle between man and nature in a special natural and geographical environment. To overcome the difficulties of the natural world, we must understand the environmental characteristics of the activities.
The terrain of the high mountain area has obvious characteristics of zonation in the vertical direction. The forest belt is below 3,500 meters, the grassland belt is between 3,500 and 5,000 meters, and the glacial ice belt is between 5,500 and 5,500 meters. Above the plateau is the plateau glacial cold belt, and it is often characterized by a mixture of snow and ice. Glaciers are mainly represented by ice and snow recharge areas, which are sporadic ice and snow on the walls of snow-covered basins and slopes on ridges. Rocks in this area are dominated by frozen weathered broken rocks.
When choosing a mountaineering route, it is necessary to consider how to pass through the various terrains above. When marching in the forest, you should make full use of the roads that the local herdsmen and hunters walk through, and pay attention to the marked directions on the newly-selected routes; the alpine meadows and meadow belts have a wide field of vision and routes are easy to choose, but they should be avoided. Muddy swamps; when selecting routes in glacial-ice tracks, two aspects should be noted: Route selection in glacier zones such as marching along glaciers and on mountain glaciers, routes should be in gutters between glacier sidetracks and glaciers Select; When entering the gentle height of the glacier surface, it should go from the drain to the glacier surface. Try to avoid moving in areas where glaciers melt, such as the ice tower area. When crossing the glaciers, for valley glaciers in low latitudes, the route should be at the top of the junction between the snow basin and the ice tongue, that is, the upper limit of the ice tower, which is the snow line, where the glaciers are narrow and the ice slope is relatively gentle. The boundary between annual snow cover and ablation zone is the exit of the snow-covered basin. Ice and snow are restricted by the terrain here, and a large number of ice cracks are produced below this point, which is safer. For example, at 6300m in the East Rongbu Glacier and 5800m in the Central Rongbu Glacier, the short glaciers in high latitudes, such as the glaciers on the northern slope of the Bogda Peak, should cross the glaciers and should choose smooth and flat ice. The tongue part should not be passed in the area of ​​steep and snowy cracks. In the valleys of high valleys, the ice tongue is still melting strongly. The ice cliffs are full of ice and the ice tongue is not easily traversed. This applies to the principle of crossing in the low latitudes at the exit of the snow basin, for example, The glaciers of Seoul are this type.
In the route selection in the ice terrain, we must pay attention to the distribution of ice tracks. Glacier watch, ice-trace stone is generally 20-40 cm thick, under it is ice, undulating and difficult to walk. The trail is formed by the appearances and trails left behind by the retreat of the glacier. It is an ancient piece of ice that has no ice, and even covers a small number of plants. The soil is developed, and it is relatively solid and safe. Strips are distributed under the tongue of the glacier, making it easier to choose routes.
For the glacier's side track, if you do not choose glacier drainage, you should choose the route on the side track. Generally speaking, the newer side track, which is close to the lowest level of the glacier, is better preserved. Because of the weathering, rolling stone, and mud-rock flow, the cuts are severe and the damage is large and inconvenient.
The middle embankment is a combination of two glacier side tracks formed in the glacier movement. It is an ideal terrain along the route of the glacier. The middle embankment can be generally extended from the end of the ice tongue to the glacier snow basin, as it has two Between the glaciers, the route chosen above is not easily affected by ice avalanches and rockfalls on the slopes. For example, the route from 5700m to 6300m in the East Rongbu Glacier of Mount Everest is selected on the middle embankment of the East Rongbu Glacier and the North Peak Glacier.
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