American researchers reported in the academic journal "Science" on the 9th that they have developed a new calculation method that can find powerful antibodies against HIV more quickly. This achievement is expected to accelerate the development of AIDS vaccines.
Developing AIDS vaccines is an important task and challenge facing the world. Although HIV has been discovered for more than 30 years, due to its variability and diversity, so far no vaccine against the disease can leave the laboratory and be widely used. However, in recent years, researchers have made important progress in the study of HIV neutralizing antibodies.
"Neutralizing antibodies" are a type of protein secreted by immune cells. They can bind to certain viruses before they invade the cells to prevent them from adhering to and infecting the cells, which is equivalent to neutralizing the viruses.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health ’s Vaccine Research Center combined data from known “neutralizing antibodies†with bioinformatics analysis to develop a relatively simple and fast calculation method that can analyze the strain Response, to accurately determine which types of antibodies in a person's blood can resist HIV.
The co-first author of this report, Zhou Tongqing, told Xinhua reporters that people have been studying the blood of HIV-infected people with strong neutralizing activity for a long time because they understand how these people produce powerful “neutralizing antibodies that attack HIVâ€. ", Which can provide clues for vaccine design. However, there are many antibodies in the blood, and it is not easy to determine which antibodies can be more effective against HIV by conventional analysis methods. Even if the neutralization principle of the relevant antibodies can be determined, it usually takes years of arduous research, and involves complex technologies and requires a large number of blood samples.
The new algorithm developed by Zhou Tongqing and his colleagues builds a database based on the neutralization response data of known HIV antibodies, and compares the “neutralization fingerprint†left by the blood sample components against HIV with the relevant antibodies in the database Data can quickly and accurately determine the type and proportion of "useful" antibodies in the blood. Tests on blood samples of some people living with HIV show that the algorithm is accurate and effective.
Zhou Tongqing said that this method can be used to quickly assess the immune response of vaccinated people in the future development of AIDS vaccines, and has important application prospects. In addition, they also set out to extend this technology to the research of hepatitis C, flu and other infectious disease vaccines.
A review article distributed by the "Science" journal pointed out that vaccine development is transforming from an empirical science based on virus inactivation to a rational design process based on related research such as nucleic acids and proteins, and some new developments in AIDS research including new algorithms It shows that "we should be optimistic about the design and testing prospects of the new AIDS vaccine."
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