Researchers from Peking University and the University of California, Los Angeles confirmed in the zebrafish model that the th2 (tyrosine hydroxylase 2) gene is a coding gene for tryptophan hydroxylase and plays a vital role in the synthesis of serotonin. As a marker for serotonergic neurons. These research results were published in the Journal of Biochemistry (JBC) on June 10. Shuo Lin, a distinguished professor of Changjiang Scholars at Peking University, is the corresponding author of this paper. Professor Lin Shuo is an expert in animal genetics and developmental biology, and is now a tenured professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. It has long been devoted to the research of zebrafish blood cell and blood vessel development, transgenic technology, disease models and overall animal drug screening technology, especially in the establishment of human disease models and drug screening research with transgenic zebrafish. It has an advantage in Science , Nature and other magazines have published more than 100 internationally influential papers.
The dopaminergic neurons in the dense substantia nigra (SNc) emit dopaminergic projections to the striatum, which govern the motor coordination function of the nigrostriatal system. Dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. Past studies have confirmed that Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The main symptoms are resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural steps State disorder. To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease, scientists have constructed several zebrafish Parkinson's disease models to replay the characteristics of dopaminergic neuron loss. In zebrafish research, th1 (tyrosine hydroxylase 1) is often used as a molecular marker for dopaminergic neurons. In addition, th1 can also label norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons. Recently, researchers have discovered a homolog of th1 in zebrafish, named it th2 (tyrosine hydroxylase 2) based on sequence homology, and used it as a new marker for dopaminergic neurons.
In this article, the researchers confirmed that th2 and serotonin (5-HT) co-localize in the ventral diencephalon and caudal hypothalamus of zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of th2 in the corresponding th2 positive neurons can reduce serotonin levels. They found that both zebrafish th2 mRNA and mouse Tph1 (tryptophan hydroxylase 1) mRNA, and tryptophan hydroxylase product serotonin can restore this phenotype. In an in vitro experiment, the researchers confirmed that the purified Th2 protein had comparable tryptophan hydroxylase activity to the mouse TPH1 protein. Based on the results of in vivo and in vitro studies, the researchers concluded that th2 is a gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase, which can be used as a marker gene for serotonin neurons. Since the zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease in the new study shows the characteristic of double loss of dopaminergic neurons and serotoninergic neurons, these research findings indicate a new research direction.
Solid Cut Metal Letter or FLAT CUT metal letter is durable for signs.
Premium grade interior OR exterior Metal Letters are cut directly from solid metal sheet, such as Stainless Steel, Aluminium or and Copper.
Custom Sold cut metal letters available with options below:
a) Sold cut Stainless steel letters are cut by laser machines, then finished in brushed or polished, stainless steel 304 or 316 grade. 316 Stainless Steel is recommended for boat or places close to the sea.
b) Cor-Ten steel, also known as raw steel letters, is kept unprotected to rust for a natural look. Cor-Ten letters will have rust patterns vary greatly from letter to letter. They will continue to rust if left outdoors. c) golden stainless steel letter. Letters are also available in gold plated stainless steel, either polished or brushed finish.
For letters with greater depth or thickness, consider our other metal letters, Fabricated Letters or backlit letters.
Solid Cut Metal Letter
Solid Cut Metal Letter,Solid Flat Cut Metal Sign Letters,Solid Cast Metal Cutting Letter,Solid Cut Metal Letter Sign
Smart Sign Manufacture Co., ltd , https://www.sign-make.com